Monkey-Faced Prickleback

Cebidichthys violaceus

The Monkey-faced Prickleback, also known as the monkeyface eel, is a unique species found along the Pacific coast of North America, from southern Oregon to northern Baja California. It thrives in rocky, intertidal zones and is most commonly seen along the central California coast. This fish can grow up to 76 cm in length and may live for 18 to 19 years. Its body is slender and eel-like, with coloration ranging from black to brownish-green, and it often features dark stripes below the eyes and rust-colored spots on the sides or belly. A notable feature of breeding males is a fleshy lump on their heads. The Monkey-faced Prickleback is primarily herbivorous as an adult, feeding on red and green algae, although juveniles consume zooplankton and crustaceans. This species is known for its ability to breathe air and survive out of water for extended periods, provided it remains moist. It is a bottom-dweller, often found hiding in crevices or under rocks, and is a weak swimmer, moving short distances to forage. Breeding occurs from January to May, with peak activity from February to April. The fish are oviparous, laying eggs on rocky surfaces, and exhibit some nest-guarding behavior. While its conservation status is not evaluated, the Monkey-faced Prickleback faces threats from recreational fishing and competition with other intertidal species. Its slow growth and long generation time could pose future conservation concerns.