Rock Cod

Epinephelus erythrurus

The rock cod (Epinephelus erythrurus), also known as the cloudy grouper, is a medium-sized grouper reaching about 50 cm in length. It has a robust, typical grouper body shape with a large head and mouth, and coloration that varies from pale brown to reddish-brown with irregular dark brown blotches and spots across the body. The fins are often edged with red, and the tail margin is rounded or slightly convex. This species inhabits rocky reefs, coral outcrops, and estuarine environments throughout the Indo-West Pacific, from East Africa to the western Pacific. It is found from shallow coastal waters to about 50 meters depth, preferring areas with ample structure for shelter and ambush hunting. Like other groupers, it is a protogynous hermaphrodite, beginning life as female. It feeds on crabs, shrimp, and small fish, using its cavernous mouth to create a powerful suction that inhales prey whole. Rock cod are territorial and typically found alone near their home crevice or overhang. They are approachable by patient divers and will often peer out from their shelter with apparent interest.