Hyrtios proteus

Hyrtios proteus is a sponge belonging to the family Thorectidae, known for its massive-amorphous to globular shape. This sponge is distinguishable by its black exterior and tan interior, with a surface featuring conules that are 0.2 to 0.3 cm high and spaced 0.1 to 0.4 cm apart. The sponge also has membrane-bearing oscules that are scattered or found on mound-like elevations, ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 cm wide. It is compressible and tough to tear, often overgrown by other organisms. This species is commonly found in tropical regions of the Western Central Atlantic, inhabiting shallow waters at depths ranging from 0.5 to 5 meters. It thrives in environments such as mangroves, seagrass beds, and shallow reefs. As a sessile organism, it remains attached to substrates, contributing to the complex ecosystems of these habitats. Hyrtios proteus is a member of the class Demospongiae, which are hermaphroditic. The life cycle includes a free-swimming parenchymella larva stage before settling on a substrate to mature into a sponge. Despite its presence in various habitats, the conservation status of Hyrtios proteus has not been evaluated by the IUCN.