Frilled Dogwinkle

Nucella lamellosa

Nucella lamellosa is a sizable sea snail characterized by a robust shell that can reach lengths of up to 100 mm (4 in) and widths of 50 mm (2 in). The shell typically features no more than seven whorls and possesses a well-developed spire with a short notch for the siphon. Its coloration varies widely, including shades of white, grey, brown, orange, and occasionally purplish, often with spiral banding. The surface texture can range from smooth to rough, with some specimens exhibiting frilled lamellae due to environmental factors like wave action. This species inhabits the intertidal zone along the eastern Pacific coast, from the Aleutian Islands down to central California. It prefers rocky substrates and can be found in shallow waters, typically at depths shallower than 40 meters. As a predator, Nucella lamellosa primarily feeds on mussels and barnacles, using its radula to scrape through the shells of its prey. It is also preyed upon by crabs and seastars, which influence the whelk's shell morphology in response to predation pressure. Breeding occurs in concealed areas, such as beneath rocks, where multiple whelks gather to mate and lay egg capsules that resemble clusters of oats. Encounters with this species while diving can be common, especially in rocky intertidal habitats, where divers may observe their varied shell forms and behaviors. The conservation status of Nucella lamellosa has not been evaluated by the IUCN.