Atlantic Wrasse

Symphodus caeruleus

The Atlantic Wrasse, known scientifically as Symphodus caeruleus, is a species of wrasse found exclusively in the Azores in the eastern Atlantic Ocean. This fish is notable for its size, being larger than other wrasse species in the region. Male Atlantic Wrasses can grow up to 21.5 cm, while females reach up to 17.5 cm. Males exhibit a dark greenish-blue color that becomes more pronounced during the breeding season, whereas females are generally brownish with a distinctive chequered pattern of dark spots. These fish can be identified by their dorsal fin, which has 17-18 spines and 8-9 rays, and their anal fin with 5-6 spines and 7-9 rays, along with 33-34 scales on the lateral line. Atlantic Wrasses inhabit shallow, inshore rocky reefs with abundant algae, which they use for cover, feeding, and nesting. They are typically found at depths ranging from 1 to 30 meters, with a preference for 5 to 15 meters. The species is non-migratory and displays protogynous hermaphroditism, where individuals initially mature as females and can later transform into males. During the breeding season from March to June, males establish territories and form harems, attracting females to lay eggs in their nests. Males then guard the eggs until they hatch. The species is currently classified as Least Concern by the IUCN.