Black Prickleback

Xiphister atropurpureus

The Black Prickleback is a reef fish found in the Eastern Pacific, ranging from Kodiak Island, Alaska, to Rio Santo Tomas, northern Baja California, Mexico. It typically inhabits intertidal zones and shallow waters down to 8 meters, although it has been recorded at depths up to 20 meters. This species is characterized by its dark reddish-brown to black coloration, with a pale head that features three dark, light-edged bands radiating from each eye. A light band can sometimes be seen across the base of its caudal fin, extending onto the dorsal and anal fins. Black Pricklebacks are facultative air-breathers, capable of surviving out of water for 10 to 23 hours if they remain moist. They are often found under rocks or in gravel areas, and juveniles as small as 2 cm have been observed in surface waters. The species is oviparous, with males guarding the eggs laid in several clumps or masses. Divers encountering the Black Prickleback may find it hiding under rocks or seaweed. While it is harmless to humans, its cryptic behavior can make it a challenge to spot. The species has not been evaluated for conservation status by the IUCN.