Northern River Garfish

Zenarchopterus buffonis

Zenarchopterus buffonis, commonly known as the Northern River Garfish, is a reef-associated species found in marine and brackish environments. It inhabits the Indo-West Pacific region, including areas such as India, the Malay Peninsula, and northern Australia. This species is typically found at the surface levels of coastal waters, estuaries, and rivers. Divers can recognize it by its elongated body and a prominent dark brown stripe along the midline of its snout. The upper jaw is distinctly wider than it is long, making it distinguishable from similar species. The Northern River Garfish reaches a maximum length of 23 cm. It is characterized by having no dorsal spines and 11 to 12 dorsal soft rays, along with 10 to 13 anal soft rays. Adult males have a notably thickened and enlarged sixth anal fin ray, which does not reach the base of the caudal fin. They also have slightly elongated fourth to seventh dorsal rays. This species feeds primarily on terrestrial insects, reflecting its surface-dwelling habits. Reproduction in Zenarchopterus buffonis is ovoviviparous, meaning that the eggs develop inside the female and the young are born live. The Northern River Garfish is currently listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List. As it is not commonly seen in markets, it is primarily associated with subsistence fisheries.